Footnotes

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Footnotes:

{3} Edition of 1832, i. p. x.

{12a} History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. London, 1838, iii. 279.

{12b} An authentic account of the conduct of the Young Chevalier, p. 7. Third edition, 1749.

{13} London, 1879.

{15a} Letters from Italy by an Englishwoman, ii. 198. London 1776. Cited by Lord Stanhope, iii. 556. Horace Mann to the Duke of Newcastle. State Papers. Tuscany. Jan. [half symbol, half symbol], 174.75. In Ewald, i. 87. Both authorities speak of BLUE eyes.

{15b} A false Charles appeared in Selkirkshire in 1745. See Mr. Craig Brown's History of Ettrick Forest. The French, in 1759, meant to send a false Charles to Ireland with Thurot. Another appeared at Civita Vecchia about 1752. The tradition of Roderick Mackenzie, who died under English bullets, crying 'You have slain your Prince,' is familiar. We shall meet other pseudo-Charles's.

{17a} Ewald, i. 41.

{17b} Documentos Ineditos. Madrid. 1889. Vol. xciii. 18.

{18a} Voyages de Montesquieu. Bordeaux, 1894. p. 250.

{18b} Letters of De Brosses, as translated by Lord Stanhope, iii. 72.

{18c} See authorities in Ewald, i. 48-50.

{19a} Ewald, ii. 30. Scott's Journal, i. 114.

{19b} Dennistoun's Life of Strange, i. 63, and an Abbotsford manuscript.

{20a} Stuart Papers, in the Queen's Library. Also the Lockhart Papers mention the wounding of the horse.

{20b} Life and Correspondence of David Hume. Hill Burton, ii. 464- 466.

{21a} Jacobite Memoirs. Lord Elcho's MS. Journal. Ewald, i. 77.

{21b} State Papers Domestic. 1745. No. 79.

{21c} Genuine Memoirs of John Murray of Broughton. La Spedizione di Carlo Stuart.

{23a} Treasury Papers. 1745. No. 214. First published by Mr. Ewald, i. 215.

{23b} Jacobite Memoirs, p. 32.

{24a} Chambers Rebellion of 1745, i. 71. The authority is 'Tradition.'

{24b} I have read parts of Forbes's manuscript in the Advocates' Library, but difficulties were made when I wished to study it for this book.

{25a} D'Argenson's Memoires.

{25b} This gentleman died at Carlisle in 1745, according to Bishop Forbes. Jacobite Memoirs, p. 4.

{26a} Stuart MSS. in Windsor Castle.

{26b} Stuart Papers. Browne's History of the Highland Clans, iii. 481.

{27a} James to Lismore. June 23, 1749. Stuart MSS.

{28a} Stanhope. Vol. iii. Appendix, p. xl.

{28b} Jacobite Memoirs.

{30a} The Kelly of Atterbury's Conspiracy, long a prisoner in the Tower. It is fair to add that Bulkeley, Montesquieu's friend, defended Kelly.

{31a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iii. 433. September 13, 1745.

{32a} Macallester's book is entitled A Series of Letters, &c. London, 1767.

{32b} Wogan to Edgar. Stuart Papers, 1750.

{33a} D'Argenson, iv. 316-320.

{33b} Stair Papers.

{33c} Letters in the State Paper Office. S. P. Tuscany. Walton sends to England copies of the letters of James's adherents in Paris; Horace Mann sends the letters of Townley, whom James so disliked.

{35a} D'Argenson's Memoires, v. 98, fol.

{35b} Ibid. v. 183.

{36a} Published by the Duc de Broglie, in Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique. No. 4. Paris, 1891.

{37a} Browne, iv. 36-38.

{38a} Genuine Copies of Letters, &c. London, 1748.

{38b} An Account of the Prince's Arrival in France, p. 66. London, 1754.

{39a} There are letters of Bulkeley's to Montesquieu as early as 1728. Voyages de Montesquieu, p. xx. note 3.

{40a} In his work on Madame de Pompadour (p. 109), M. Capefigue avers that he discovered, in the archives of the French Police, traces of an English plot to assassinate Prince Charles; the Jacobites believed in such attempts, not without reason, as we shall prove.

{41a} Walton. S. P. Tuscany. No. 55.

{43} Memoires, iv. 322.

{46a} See Le Secret du Roi, by the Duc de Broglie.

{46b} Tales of the Century, p. 25.

{46c} Pol. Corresp. of Frederick the Great, v. 114. No. 2,251.

{46d} Ibid. vi. 125. No. 3,086.

{49a} D'Argenson, v. 417. March 19, 1749. D'Argenson knew more than the police.

{50a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. p. 51.

{51a} Memoires, v. 417.

{51b} Tales of the Century, ii. 48, 'from information of Sir Ralph Hamilton.'

{51c} 'Information by Baron de Rondeau and Sir Ralph Hamilton.'

{52a} S. P. France. No. 442.

{52b} S. P. Tuscany. No. 58. Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. 52.

{52c} S. P. France. No. 442.

{52d} This may have been true.

{52e} S. P. Tuscany. No. 55.

{53a} Dr. King made a Latin speech on this occasion, rich in Jacobite innuendoes. Redeat was often repeated.

{53b} S. P. Poland. No. 75.

{58a} S. P. Russia. No. 59.

{61} Pol. Corr., vi. 572, vii. 23.

{62a} Browne. Stuart Papers, iii. 502.

{62b} S. P. Tuscany. No. 54.

{63} Hanbury Williams. From Dresden, July 2, 1749.

{64} James had previously wished Charles to marry a Princess of Modena.

{65a} Mann, June 19, 1750.

{65b} Stuart Papers. Browne, ii. 73.

{68} Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford, ii. 69. Bedford to Albemarle. Also op. cit. ii. 15. March 13, 1749. Bedford to Colonel Yorke.

{69} Browne, iv. 57, 63.

{70a} In the Gask Papers it is said that 5,0001. was sent by Cluny to Major Kennedy. Kennedy himself buried the money.

{70b} All these facts are taken from the Stuart Papers, in manuscript at Windsor Castle.

{71} Le 3. A. 1749. Projet pour mon arrive a Paris, et Le Conduit de Mr. Benn. Mr. Benn doit s'en aller droit a Dijon et son Compagnion Mr. Smith a Paris; Il faudra pour Mr. Smith une Chese [chaise] qu'il acheterra a Luneville, ensuite il prendra Le Domestique du C. P. a Ligny, mais en partent d'icy il faudra que le Sieur Smith mont a Chevall et La Chese pourra y aller come pour son Retour a Paris. La personne dedans parraitrait profiter de cette occasion. Le Sieur Bonn doit rester quelqe jours come desiran acheter une Cofre et remettra La Sienne come par amitie au Sr. Smith, tout cecy paroissant d'hazard. Ensuite Le Sr. Smith continuera au Plustot son Chemin, et son Ami ira Le Sien en attendant, un peu de jours et a son arrive a Dij. il doit Ecrive a Personne qu'il soite excepte La Lettre au--W. Le Ch. Gre. qu'il doit voire (et a qui il peut dire davoire ete a Di--Charge par Le P., sans meme Nomer son Camerade mais come tout seule) ne sachant rien davantage, et le laissant dans l'obscurine, comme s'il Etoit dans le meme Cas, attendant des Nouvelles Ordres, sans rien outre savoire ou pouvoire penetre Etant deja Longtems sans me voire.' Holograph of P. Charles.

{79} Under the late Empire (1863) the convent was the hotel of the Minister of War. Hither, about 1748, came Madame du Deffand, later the superannuated adorer of the hard-hearted Horace Walpole, and here was her famous salon moire jaune, aux naeuds couleur de feu. Here she entertained the President Henault, Bulkeley, Montesquieu (whose own house was in the same street), Lord Bath, and all the philosophes, giving regular suppers on Mondays. In the same conventual chambers resided, in 1749, Madame de Talmond, Madame de Vasse, and her friend Mademoiselle Ferrand, whose address Charles wrote, as we saw, in his note-book (March 1749).

{80} Grimm, ii. p. 183.

{82} S. P. France. June 4, 1749. Ewald, ii. 200.

{83} Translated from the French original at Windsor Castle.

{86} Histoire de Montesquieu, par L. Vian, p. 196.

{87} Correspondance de Madame du Deffand. Edition of M. de Lescure, ii. 737-742.

{91} D'Argenson confirms or exaggerates this information.

{92} Browne, v. 66. Letter of Young Glengarry, January 16, 1750.

{97} Browne, iv. 68. I have not found the original in the Stuart Papers at Windsor.

{101} The Mr. Dormer who was Charles's agent is described in Burke as 'James, of Antwerp,' sixth son, by his second marriage, of Charles, fifth Lord Dormer.

{103} State Papers. Examination of AEneas Macdonald.

{105} July 1, 1754. Browne, iv. 122.

{106} Mr. Ewald's dates, as to the Prince's English jaunt, are wrong. He has adopted those concerning the lady's movements, ii. 201.

{107} Charles himself (S. P. Tuscany, December 16, 1783) told these facts. But Hume is responsible for the visit to Lady Primrose, dating it in 1753; wrongly, I think.

{108} Private Memorandum concerning the Pretender's eldest son. Brit. Mus. Additional MSS.

{110} A medal of 1750 bears a profile of Charles, as does one of September 1752.

{111} This may be of 1752-1753, and the 'Channoine' may be Miss Walkinshaw, who was a canoness of a noble order.

{113} Montesquieu to the Abbe de Guasco, March 7, 1749.

{118} The sequel of the chivalrous attempt to catch Keith's mistress may he found in letters of Newcastle to Colonel Guy Dickens (February 12, 1751), and of Dickens (St. Petersburg, March 27, 30, May 4, 1751) to the Duke of Newcastle. (State Papers.)

{119} Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford, ii. 69.

{125} Letters, ii. 116.

{126} Spence's Anecdotes, p. 168.

{127a} Browne, iv. 17.

{127b} Stuart Papers.

{127c} Ibid.

{128a} Potzdam, August 24, 1751. OEuvres, xxxviii. 307. Edition of 1880.

{128b} Newcastle to Lord Chancellor, September 6, 1751. Life of Lord Hardwicke, ii. 404.

{130a} Anecdotes.

{130b} Stuart Papers. Lady Montagu was Barbara, third daughter of Sir John Webbe of Hathorp, county Gloucester. In July 1720 she married Anthony Brown, sixth Viscount Montagu.

{131} Walton's Life of Wotton.

{132a} Browne, iv. 89-90.

{133a} S. P. France, 455.

{135} S. P. Poland, No. 79.

{137} Angleterre, 81, f. 94, 1774.

{138} Pichot, in his Vie de Charles Edouard, obviously cites this document, which is quoted from him by the Sobieski Stuarts in Tales of the Century. But Pichot does not name the source of his statements.

{139} A French agent, Beson probably, whom Charles desired to dismiss, BECAUSE a Frenchman.

{141} Scott's Letters, ii. 208. June 29, 1824.

{144} For reasons already given, namely, that Madame de Vasse was the only daughter of her father by his wife, and that Mademoiselle Ferrand was her great friend, while the Prince addresses Mademoiselle Luci by a name derived from an estate of the Ferrands, I have identified Mademoiselle Ferrand with Mademoiselle Luci. This, however, is only an hypothesis.

{145} Some of Pickle's letters were published by Mr. Murray Rose in an essay called 'An Infamous Spy, James Mohr Macgregor,' in the Scotsman, March 15, 1895. This article was brought to my notice on June 22, 1896. As the author identifies Pickle with James Mohr Macgregor, though Pickle began to communicate with the English Government while James was a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, and continued to do so for years after James's death, it is plain that he is in error, and that the transactions need a fresh examination. Mr. Murray Rose, in the article cited, does not indicate the provenance of the documents which he publishes. When used in this work they are copied from the originals in the British Museum, among the papers of the Pelham Administration. The transcripts have been for several years in my hands, but I desire to acknowledge Mr. Murray Rose's priority in printing some of the documents, which, in my opinion, he wholly misunderstood, at least on March 15, 1895. How many he printed, if any, besides those in the Scotsman, and in what periodicals, I am not informed.

{149a} The portrait, now at Balgownie, was long in the possession of the Threiplands of Fingask. I have only seen a photograph, in the Scottish Museum of Antiquities.

{149b} MS. in Laing Collection, Edinburgh University Library.

{150a} A note of Craigie's communicated by Mr. Omond.

{150b} Cope to Forbes of Culloden, August 24, 1745. Culloden Papers, p. 384.

{150c} Culloden Papers, p. 405.

{150d} Young Glengarry to Edgar. Rome, September 16, 1750. In the Stuart Papers.

{151a} Chambers's The Rebellion, v. 24. Edinburgh, 1829.

{151b} Letter of Warren to James, October 10, 1746. Browne, iii. 463.

{152a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. 100.

{152b} Ibid. iv. 22, 23.

{153a} Browne, iv. 51.

{154} Browne, iv. 61, 62.

{155a} I presume the first beautiful Mrs. Murray is in question. The second is 'another story.' See the original letter in Browne, iv. 90-101.

{155b} State Papers, Domestic, No. 87.

{156} Stuart Papers.

{157} Browne, iv. 60.

{159} Browne, iv. 117.

{160} Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford, ii. 39.

{161} Paris, February 14, 1752. Stuart Papers.

{162a} iv. 84.

{162b} Rome, September 4, 1750. In Browne.

{164} Browne, iv. 102.

{165} Journal, February 14, 1826.

{169} May 4, 1753. Stuart Papers. To old Edgar.

{171} His father's name was John. One of Pickle's aliases.

{172} This identifies 'Pickle' with 'Jeanson.'

{174} Cypher names.

6--Goring.
69--Sir James Harrington, perhaps.
51--King of Prussia.
80--Pretender's Son.
8--Pretender.
72--Sir John Graham.
66--Scotland.
0--French Ministry.
2--Lord Marshall.
59--Count Maillebois.
71--Sir John Graham, perhaps.

{175} That is, probably, Pickle said to Jacobite friends that his money came from Major Kennedy.

{178} Lord Elcho knew it, probably from his brother.

{180} Elcho says he was in London, at Lady Primrose's. We have seen that Charles had had a difficulty with this lady.

{181} To this illness Glengarry often refers, when writing as Pickle.

{183a} Hay to Edgar, October 1752. In Browne, iv. 106.

{183b} 'Mildmay' to 'Green,' January 24, 1753.

{184} S. P. Poland. No. 81.

{196a} Carlyle's Frederick, iv. 467. Compare, for the views of political circles, Horace Walpole's Reign of George II. i. 333, 353, and his Letters to Horace Mann for 1753.

{196b} Reign of George II. i. 290.

{197} Add MSS. British Museum, 33,847, f. 271. 'Private and most secret.'

{198a} Politische Correspondenz Friederichs des Grossen. Duncker. Berlin, 1879, ix. 356.

{198b} Can the Earl and the Doctor have approved of renewing the infamous Elibank plot?

{201} Many historians, such as Lord Campbell in his Lives of the Chancellors, condemn as cruel the execution of Cameron. But the Government was well informed.

{202} The Active Testimony of the Presbyterians of Scotland, 1749.

{203} xix. 742.

{208} French service. He seems to think that Archy was betrayed by French means. He perhaps suspected Dumont, who had been in the French army.

{213} Glengarry had been a captain in the French service.

{219} Brother of d'Argenson of the Memoires.

{222a} Pol. Corr. No. 5,933.

{222b} As early as 1748 Dawkins was in Paris, drinking with Townley, who calls him un bon garcon. Townley's letters to a friend in Rome were regularly sent to Pelham.

{223} Pol. Corr. ix. 417. No. 5,923.

{224a} Droysen, iv. 357. Note 1.

{224b} S. P. France. 462.

{227} Browne, iv. p. 111.

{231a} In his article on James Mohr (Scotsman, March 15, 1896), Mr. Murray Rose cites some papers concerning James's early treacheries. For unfathomable reasons, Mr. Murray Rose does not mention the source of these papers. This is of the less importance, as Mr. George Omond, in Macmillan's Magazine, May 1890, had exposed James's early foibles, from documents in the Record Office.

{231b} Trials of Rob Roy's Sons (Edinburgh, 1818), p. 3.

{232a} The reader may remember that Pickle's earliest dated letter is from Boulogne, November 2, 1752. As on that day James Mohr was a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, the absurdity of identifying Pickle with James Mohr becomes peculiarly glaring.

{232b} Trial, &c. p. 119.

{232c} According to Mr. Murray Rose, James Mohr applied to the King for money on May 22, 1753. This letter I have not observed among the Stuart Papers, but, from information given by Pickle to his English employers, I believe James Mohr to have been in France as early as May 1753. Pickle, being consulted as to James's value, contemns him as a spy distrusted by both sides.

{234} Add. MSS. 32,846.

{235} He HAD been, as a spy!

{236} How worthy of our friend!

{238} As James was not in France till May 1753, he cannot have written Pickle's letters from France of March in that year.

{239} Balhaldie's papers, not treasonable, belong to Sir Arthur Halkett of Pitfirrane, who also possesses a charming portrait of pretty Mrs. Macfarlane. Sir Arthur's ancestor, Sir Peter, fought on the Hanoverian side in the Forty-five, was taken prisoner, and released on parole, which he refused to break at the command of the Butcher Cumberland.

{240} MSS. Add. 33,050, f. 369.

{241} Nothing of all this in the Stuart Papers.

{242} Observe James's Celtic memory.

{243} Mr. Savage, according to James Mohr, was the chief of the Macgregors in Ireland.

{245} These are transparent falsehoods. The Earl Marischal, if we may believe Pickle, had no mind to resign his comfortable Embassy.

{246} He was really at Avignon.

{250} Add. MSS. 33,050, f. 409.

{251} In 'Memoire Historique et Genealogique sur la Famille de Wogan,' par le Comte Alph. O'Kelly de Galway (Paris, 1896) we read (p. 33) that, in 1776, Charles was 'entertained at Cross Green House, in Cork.' The authority given is a vague reference to the Hibernian Magazine.

{254} Stuart Papers.

{256} Probably Glengarry.

{259} This too well confirms Dr. King's charges.

{261} Goring must mean a clansman--a Cameron.

{263} Goring was probably at the Convent of St. Joseph, with Madame de Vasse.

{265} See Memoires of Madame Hausset, and the De Goncourts on Madame de Pompadour.

{267} These letters have been printed in full by Mr. Murray Rose (Scotsman, March 15, 1895). Mr. Murray Rose attributes them to James Mohr Macgregor, wrongly, of course.

{268} That is, seats for Jacobites should be purchased at the General Election.

{271} The surgeon of Luneville, with whom Charles had resided secretly.

{273} 'Women' refers to Miss Walkinshaw. It is clear that Charles had rejected MacNamara's request for her dismissal, described by Dr. King.

{274} Browne, iv. 120, 121.

{277a} Culloden Papers, p. 412.

{277b} Robertson of Inerchraskie to Forbes of Culloden. September 23, 1745.

{278} Manuscripts in the Charter Chest at Cluny Castle. Privately printed.

{280a} Pickle was inducted into his estates, before the Bailies of Inverness and a jury, on February 2, 1758. The 'Retour' is cited in Mr. Mackenzie's History of the Macdonalds.

{280b} The story is in Mr. Mackenzie's History of the Macdonalds.

{281} All this is probably false.

{284} Mr. Bruce, October 10, 1754, to Gwynn Vaughan, Esq.

{285} Arniston Memoirs, edited by G. W. T. Omond, p. 153. Mr. Dundas of Arniston has kindly supplied a copy containing what is omitted in Mr. Omond's book--Pickle's dealings with his tenantry.

{286} See Macallester's huge and intolerably prolix book, A Series of Letters (London: 1767).

{287} D'Argenson, July 1755.

{288} S. P. France, 468.

{292a} Browne, iv. 124.

{292b} Ibid. iv. 125.

{293} Ewald's Prince Charles, ii. 223-228. From State Papers.

{294} Letter to Edgar, September 16, 1755.

{296a} Madame Adelaide, according to gossip in the Scots Magazine.

{296b} Pol. Corr. xi. p. 37. No. 7,199, and p. 63.

{297} I have never seen this document.

{298} A full account of Macallester, from which these remarks are taken, was published by myself in the English Illustrated Magazine.

{301} Archives of French Foreign Office. Angleterre. 81. fol. 11.

{302a} Pol. Corr. xiii. 320. No. 8,660.

{302b} See Le Secret du Roi, by the Duc de Broglie.

{303} Memoire of Charlotte Stuart. French Foreign Office. 1774.

{306} Mr. Alexander Pelham Trotter has kindly permitted me to consult this document in his possession.

{309a} D'Aiguillon.

{309b} Prince de Soubise.

{312} As is proved by Murray's letter of December 10.

{316} Memoire of Charlotte Stuart. 1774.

{317} Charles, as Lumisden writes (December 3, 1760), 'positively insists on having the young filly returned to him.'

{321} The article on the Tales of the Century in the Quarterly Review (vol. lxxxi. p. 57) was not 'by Lockhart,' as Mr. Ewald says, and is not, in fact, accurate.

{323} Nothing in the Stuart Papers confirms the story that Charles was at the Coronation of George III., in 1761. In the present century Cardinal York told a member of the Stair family that the Prince visited England in 1763. It may have been then that he saw Murray of Broughton, and was seen by Murray's child, afterwards the actor known to Sir Walter Scott.

THE END.
Title: Pickle the Spy, or The Incognito of Prince Charles - Author: Andrew Lang _


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