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_ In the Surovsky district there was no railway nor service of
post-horses, and Levin drove there with his own horses in his
big, old-fashioned carriage.
He stopped half-way at a well-to-do peasant's to feed his horses.
A bald, well-preserved old man, with a broad, red beard, gray on
his cheeks, opened the gate, squeezing against the gatepost to
let the three horses pass. Directing the coachman to a place
under the shed in the big, clean, tidy yard, with charred,
old-fashioned ploughs in it, the old man asked Levin to come into
the parlor. A cleanly dressed young woman, with clogs on her bare
feet, was scrubbing the floor in the new outer room. She was
frightened of the dog, that ran in after Levin, and uttered a
shriek, but began laughing at her own fright at once when she was
told the dog would not hurt her. Pointing Levin with her bare arm
to the door into the parlor, she bent down again, hiding her
handsome face, and went on scrubbing.
"Would you like the samovar?" she asked.
"Yes, please."
The parlor was a big room, with a Dutch stove, and a screen
dividing it into two. Under the holy pictures stood a table
painted in patterns, a bench, and two chairs. Near the entrance
was a dresser full of crockery. The shutters were closed, there
were few flies, and it was so clean that Levin was anxious that
Laska, who had been running along the road and bathing in
puddles, should not muddy the floor, and ordered her to a place
in the corner by the door. After looking round the parlor, Levin
went out in the back yard. The good-looking young woman in clogs,
swinging the empty pails on the yoke, ran on before him to the
well for water.
"Look sharp, my girl!" the old man shouted after her,
good-humoredly, and he went up to Levin. "Well, sir, are you
going to Nikolay Ivanovitch Sviazhsky? His honor comes to us
too," he began, chatting, leaning his elbows on the railing of
the steps. In the middle of the old man's account of his
acquaintance with Sviazhsky, the gates creaked again, and
laborers came into the yard from the fields, with wooden ploughs
and harrows. The horses harnessed to the ploughs and harrows were
sleek and fat. The laborers were obviously of the household: two
were young men in cotton shirts and caps, the two others were
hired laborers in homespun shirts, one an old man, the other a
young fellow. Moving off from the steps, the old man went up to
the horses and began unharnessing them.
"What have they been ploughing?" asked Levin.
"Ploughing up the potatoes. We rent a bit of land too. Fedot,
don't let out the gelding, but take it to the trough, and we'll
put the other in harness."
"Oh, father, the ploughshares I ordered, has he brought them
along?" asked the big, healthy-looking fellow, obviously the old
man's son.
"There ...in the outer room," answered the old man, bundling
together the harness he had taken off, and flinging it on the
ground. "You can put them on, while they have dinner."
The good-looking young woman came into the outer room with the
full pails dragging at her shoulders. More women came on the
scene from somewhere, young and handsome, middle-aged, old and
ugly, with children and without children.
The samovar was beginning to sing; the laborers and the family,
having disposed of the horses, came in to dinner. Levin, getting
his provisions out of his carriage, invited the old man to take
tea with him.
"Well, I have had some to-day already," said the old man,
obviously accepting the invitation with pleasure. "But just a
glass for company."
Over their tea Levin heard all about the old man's farming. Ten
years before, the old man had rented three hundred acres from the
lady who owned them, and a year ago he had bought them and rented
another three hundred from a neighboring landowner. A small part
of the land-- the worst part--he let out for rent, while a
hundred acres of arable land he cultivated himself with his
family and two hired laborers. The old man complained that things
were doing badly. But Levin saw that he simply did so from a
feeling of propriety, and that his farm was in a flourishing
condition. If it had been unsuccessful he would not have bought
land at thirty-five roubles the acre, he would not have married
his three sons and a nephew, he would not have rebuilt twice
after fires, and each time on a larger scale. In spite of the old
man's complaints, it was evident that he was proud, and justly
proud, of his prosperity, proud of his sons, his nephew, his
sons' wives, his horses and his cows, and especially of the fact
that he was keeping all this farming going. From his conversation
with the old man, Levin thought he was not averse to new methods
either. He had planted a great many potatoes, and his potatoes,
as Levin had seen driving past, were already past flowering and
beginning to die down, while Levin's were only just coming into
flower. He earthed up his potatoes with a modern plough borrowed
from a neighboring landowner. He sowed wheat. The trifling fact
that, thinning out his rye, the old man used the rye he thinned
out for his horses, specially struck Levin. How many times had
Levin seen this splendid fodder wasted, and tried to get it
saved; but always it had turned out to be impossible. The peasant
got this done, and he could not say enough in praise of it as
food for the beasts.
"What have the wenches to do? They carry it out in bundles to the
roadside, and the cart brings it away."
"Well, we landowners can't manage well with our laborers," said
Levin, handing him a glass of tea.
"Thank you," said the old man, and he took the glass, but refused
sugar, pointing to a lump he had left. "They're simple
destruction," said he. "Look at Sviazhsky's, for instance. We
know what the land's like--first-rate, yet there's not much of a
crop to boast of. It's not looked after enough--that's all it
is!"
"But you work your land with hired laborers?"
"We're all peasants together. We go into everything ourselves. If
a man's no use, he can go, and we can manage by ourselves."
"Father, Finogen wants some tar," said the young woman in the
clogs, coming in.
"Yes, yes, that's how it is, sir!" said the old man, getting up,
and crossing himself deliberately, he thanked Levin and went out.
When Levin went into the kitchen to call his coachman he saw the
whole family at dinner. The women were standing up waiting on
them. The young, sturdy-looking son was telling something funny
with his mouth full of pudding, and they were all laughing, the
woman in the clogs, who was pouring cabbage-soup into a bowl,
laughing most merrily of all.
Very probably the good-looking face of the young woman in the
dogs had a good deal to do with the impression of well-being this
peasant household made upon Levin, but the impression was so
strong that Levin could never get rid of it. And all the way from
the old peasant's to Sviazhsky's he kept recalling this peasant
farm as though there were something in this impression that
demanded his special attention. _
Read next: Part Three: Chapter 26
Read previous: Part Three: Chapter 24
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